Contaminación bacteriana de cámara anterior durante la cirugía de catarata / Anterior chamber bacterial contamination during cataract surgery

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la existencia de contaminación bacteriana en cámara anterior durante la cirugía de catarata. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal de serie de casos, en el cual participaron los pacientes sometidos a cirugía de catarata en el Servicio de Microcirugía Ocular del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer, en el período comprendido de enero del año 2015 a diciembre 2016. Se relacionaron los antecedentes patológicos personales oculares y sistémicos, los factores de riesgo asociados y las complicaciones transoperatorias con la presencia de bacterias en la cámara anterior al final de la cirugía. Los pacientes fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente en el salón de cirugía. La muestra quedó constituida por 200 pacientes y divididos en tres grupos dependiendo de la experiencia de los cirujanos. Resultados: Al inicio del proceder quirúrgico, el 100 por ciento de los cultivos fueron negativos, mientras que al final de la cirugía se detectó crecimiento bacteriano en el 3 por ciento. Los gérmenes Gram positivos fueron los de mayor frecuencia (66,6 por ciento) donde el Staphylococcus epidermidis se aisló en un 50 por ciento de los casos. No existió relación significativa entre antecedentes patológicos personales oculares, sistémicos y los factores de riesgo asociados. La ruptura de la cápsula posterior fue la complicación transoperatoria más frecuente y al 4,7 por ciento se le detectó crecimiento bacteriano. Conclusión: Se detecta una baja frecuencia de contaminación de la cámara anterior al final de la cirugía de catarata y los gérmenes comúnmente encontrados están relacionados con la microbiota de la superficie ocular(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective: Determine the presence of anterior chamber bacterial contamination during cataract surgery. Methods: A cross-sectional case-series study was conducted of patients undergoing cataract surgery at the Ocular Microsurgery Service of Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from January 2015 to December 2016. Personal ocular and systemic pathological antecedents, associated risk factors and perioperative complications, were related to the presence of anterior chamber bacterial contamination at the end of surgery. Patients were randomly selected in the operating room. The sample was composed of 200 patients, who were divided into three groups according to the surgeons' experience. Results: At the start of the surgical procedure, 100 percent of the cultures were negative, whereas at the end 3 percent bacterial growth was detected. Gram-positive germs were the most common (66.6 percent), with Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated in 50 percent of the cases. No significant relationship was found between personal ocular or systemic pathological antecedents and associated risk factors. Posterior capsule rupture was the most frequent intraoperative complication, with 4.7 percent bacterial growth detected. Conclusion: Low frequency of anterior chamber contamination was detected at the end of cataract surgery, and the germs commonly found are related to the ocular surface microbiota(AU)

Neurosyphilis and ocular syphilis clinical and cerebrospinal fluid characteristics: a case series / Características clínicas e liqúoricas de pacientes com neurossífilis e sífilis ocular: uma série de casos

ABSTRACT Background During the first decade of this century, a significant increase in the incidence of syphilis was documented. Objective To study clinical and laboratory characteristics of central nervous system and ocular syphilis. Methods A retrospective case series of 13 patients with a clinical and laboratory diagnosis of neurosyphilis and/or ocular syphilis who had been admitted to the Neurology and Neuro-ophthalmology Service of the Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná. Results Nine patients had a diagnosis of neurosyphilis and two of them also had ocular syphilis. Four patients had a diagnosis of ocular syphilis alone. Among the patients with a diagnosis of neurosyphilis, six had symptomatic syphilitic meningitis, of whom one manifested as cranial nerve palsy alone, one as cranial nerve palsy plus ocular syphilis, two as transverse myelitis (syphilitic meningomyelitis), one as meningitis worsening the patient's myasthenia gravis symptoms and one as meningitis plus ocular syphilis. Additionally, we diagnosed three patients with meningovascular neurosyphilis. In the univariate analysis, patients without ocular syphilis showed greater levels of total protein and white blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid than patients with ocular syphilis. Conclusion This Brazilian case series of patients with neurosyphilis and ocular syphilis highlights the wide variability of this disease. A high degree of diagnostic suspicion is necessary when facing neurological and ocular symptoms for rapid diagnosis and appropriate management of patients.

RESUMO Introdução Na primeira década deste século observou-se um aumento significativo da incidência de sífilis no mundo. Objetivo Estudar características clínicas e laboratoriais da sífilis no Sistema Nervoso Central e da sífilis ocular. Métodos Estudou-se, retrospectivamente, uma série de treze casos com diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial de neurossífilis e/ou sífilis ocular, admitidos aos Serviços de Neurologia ou Neuroftalmologia do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná. Resultados Nove pacientes tiveram diagnóstico de neurosífilis e dois destes apresentaram concomitantemente sífilis ocular. Quatro pacientes tiveram somente o diagnóstico de sífilis ocular. Dos pacientes com diagnóstico de neurosífilis, seis apresentaram meningite sifilítica sintomática, dentre os quais um se apresentou com paralisia isolada de par craniano, um com paralisia de par craniano associada sífilis ocular, dois com mielite transversa (manifestação de meningomielite), um com meningite que agravou sintomas de Miastenia Gravis e um com meningite isolada associada a sífilis ocular. Houve 3 casos de neurosífilis meningovascular. Na análise univariada, pacientes sem manifestações oculares de sífilis apresentaram maiores níveis proteína total e leucócitos do que os pacientes com sífilis ocular. Conclusão Essa série brasileira de casos de pacientes com neurosífilis e sífilis ocular destaca a alta variabilidade clínica desta doença. Alto grau de suspeição diagnóstica é necessário quando em frente a sintomas neurológicos e oculares para rápido diagnóstico e adequado manejo dos pacientes.

Ocular syphilis in spouses: diagnosis, treatment and medical confidentiality / Sífilis ocular em cônjuges: diagnóstico, tratamento e sigilo médico

The aim of this paper is to report two cases of neurosyphilis and uveitis diagnosed by an ophthalmologist in an immunocompetent couple. In addition to reporting cases the authors discuss ethical issues of communication of diagnosis to partners of patients (AU)

O objetivo do presente artigo é relatar dois casos de neurosífilis e uveíte diagnosticados por oftalmologista em casal imunocompetente. Além de relatar os casos, os autores discutem questões éticas da comunicação do diagnóstico aos parceiros dos pacientes (AU)

Bilateral Macula-involving Metastatic Infection Resulting from Septic Embolization

No abstract available.

Syphilitic retinitis and panuveitis simulating acute retinal necrosis: case report / Retinite e panuveíte por sífilis simulando necrose aguda de retina: relato de caso

Retinitis and panuveitis in immunocompetent patients is a rare and sight-threatening disease, of difficult diagnosis. A case of a 31-year-old male who presented with unilateral placoid retinitis and panuveitis, unsuccessfully treated as acute retinal necrosis, that in fact was syphilis, with neurosyphilis and excellent response to treatment is reported.

Retinite com panuveíte em pacientes imunocompetentes é um condição rara e ameaçadora para a visão, e de difícil diagnóstico. É relatado um caso de um paciente do sexo masculino com 31 anos de idade, que se apresentou com retinite em placas e panuveíte, inicialmente tratado sem sucesso como necrose aguda de retina, que na verdade era um caso de sífilis ocular, com afecção do sistema nervoso central e ótima resposta ao tratamento sistêmico para sífilis.

A Case of Bilateral Endogenous Pantoea Agglomerans Endophthalmitis with Interstitial Lung Disease

We here in report a case of bilateral endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Pantoea agglomerans (P. agglomerans) in a patient who had interstitial lung disease and was treated with oral corticosteroids. A 72-year-old man presented with decreased visual acuity in both eyes nine days after he received oral corticosteroids. He had marked uveitis, cataracts, and vitreous opacities. Cultures were taken of blood, aqueous humor, and vitreous. We initially suspected a fungal etiology and treated him with antifungal drugs; however, the intraocular disease progressed without improvement. Vitreous culture was positive for P. agglomerans. The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy with cataract surgery bilaterally, followed by a 2-week course of antibiotics. The final visual acuity was 20/25 in the right eye and 20/200 in the left eye. This is the first report of bilateral endogenous endophthalmitis caused by P. agglomerans in Korea; it is also the first case reported outside of the United States.

Histopathological study of ocular erythema nodosum leprosum and post-therapeutic scleral perforation: a case report.

Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae , clinically present either as tuberculoid, borderline or lepromatous type. Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is an acute humoral response in the chronic course of lepromatous leprosy. Although very severe ENL reactions are known in systemic leprosy, such severity is rare in ocular tissues. A leprosy uveitis patient suffered from a severe form of post-therapeutic ENL reaction which resulted in perforation of the globe at the site of preexisting subconjunctival leproma. Painful blind eye was enucleated. Histopathological study revealed infiltration of numerous polymorphs and macrophages packed with acid-fast bacilli in the conjunctiva, cornea, ciliary body, ora serrata and sclera. A profuse influx of neutrophils on a background of macrophages packed with M. leprae confirmed the ocular ENL reaction. This case is reported to alert the ophthalmologists to a rare ocular complication of ENL.

Queratitis infecciosa no viral: factores predisponentes, agentes etiológicos y diagnóstico de laboratorio / Non viral infectious keratitis: predisposing factors, etiologic agents and laboratory diagnosis

Las queratitis infecciosas poseen una elevada morbilidad, poniendo en riesgo la visión en casos graves. Dada la eficaz protección que brinda el epitelio corneal, para que ocurra una infección se requiere la presencia de factores condicionantes. El principal predisponente para las queratitis infecciosas es el uso de lentes de contacto, seguido por traumatismos y cirugías oculares y luego diversas afecciones locales o generales. Los agentes etiológicos abarcan una enorme diversidad de microorganismos, incluyendo bacterias, micobacterias, virus, hongos y parásitos. Para poder instaurar un tratamiento acotado se necesita un diagnóstico etiológico, lo que requiere una correcta toma de muestra y un exhaustivo análisis microbiológico.

Infectious keratitis cause significant morbidity and, if it is not promptly and appropriately treated, can lead to severe ocular disability. Almost all cases of keratitis are associated to predisposing conditions. In occident, the main risk factor is contact lens wear, but previous ocular surgery or trauma are also important, as well as various ocular surface diseases. An enormous diversity of etiologic agents for infectious keratitis exist, including virus, bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi and parasites. This review provides literature and personal based information about main predisposing factors, etiologic agents and pathophysiology of infectious keratitis, excluding those of viral origin. Focus is made on microbiologic procedures, describing stains and media that should be used, and highlighting their utility. A special mention on particular situations is made, including laboratory diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis, utility of lens cases analysis, keratitis in patients with previous treatment, as well as molecular biology techniques described in ophthalmology.

Clinical ocular study in leprosy patients at a sanitary dermatological hospital in Brazil.

This study is based upon the observation f 363 leprosy patients having different types of the disease. At the time of the examination, we did not have any previous knowledge about the type of leprosy the patients were having. Thus, the eye examination was done without the knowledge of clinical diagnosis. The ocular examination protocol covered the following: visual activity, facial muscle function, eyebrows, eyelashes, lacrimal system, pupil, eye motility, corneal sensitivity, Schirmir's test and study of the anterior segment of the ocular bulb with a slit-lamp. The study patients included 275 cases of lepromatous leprosy, 57 tuberculoid, 29 indeterminate and two dimorphous cases. The age of the patients ranged between 18 and 82 years, and 229 of them were males. Among those patients, 183 were whites, 23 were black and 157 were mulatto.

Ocular impairments in an impairment survey of leprosy-affected persons in Nepal.

An impairment survey was carried out in Nepal. The study subjects (n = 318) were a mixture of out-patients and patients admitted less than one month before the survey. Of the subjects, 101 were attending the hospital out-patients clinic or were admitted and the rest were examined in the field. The patients studied included those on MDT and care-after-cure cases. Ocular impairments were found in 25% of these cases. The most common ocular impairment was poor vision followed by lagophthalmos and insensitive cornea.

Blindness and low vision in leprosy patients in Sichuan Province, China.

The acuity of vision of 2145 leprosy patients was examined. Twenty-six patients had bilateral blindness and 80 had diminution of vision bilaterally, according to WHO's standard. The vision disability rate was 4.94%. In addition, 136 patients (6.34%) had blindness or low vision involving one eye. The causes of blindness and low vision were leukoma and corneal ulcer.

Assessment and treatment of the dry eye in leprosy.

During the period of existence of the Ophthalmologic Prevention Centre we have come across a large number of patients with corneal dehydration (dryness cornea, dry eye) due to various causes. We find that majority of the patients had a big improvement in their symptoms and the signs of the dry eye with just a simple prevention technique.